In a recent update from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS), the first instance of West Nile virus (WNV) activity in the state for 2026 has been confirmed. Mosquitoes in Milwaukee County and a wild bird in Bayfield County have tested positive for the virus. This indicates that WNV-carrying mosquitoes are present in the area, posing a risk to both animals and humans. Fortunately, no human cases have been reported as of yet this year.
“Monitoring mosquitoes and birds for West Nile virus helps public health experts understand when and where the virus is active, so that we can give timely information to communities across the state,” stated Paula Tran, the state health officer and administrator of the Division of Public Health. “These first detections of West Nile virus this year serve as a reminder to take simple steps that can protect you and your family against possible illness.”
West Nile virus is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, which acquires the virus from feeding on infected birds. It is not spread directly between people or animals. While most individuals infected with WNV show no symptoms, some may experience fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, rash, and fatigue. Severe cases can lead to high fever, muscle weakness, stiff neck, disorientation, tremors, paralysis, seizures, and even coma, with older adults and those with weakened immune systems being more vulnerable to severe illness.
Since 2001, DHS has been tracking WNV in mosquitoes, animals, and humans to provide timely alerts to healthcare providers and residents. On average, Wisconsin records about 19 cases of WNV illness annually, with most cases occurring in August and September. Human cases have been documented from June to November.
To minimize the risk of mosquito-borne illnesses, DHS recommends reducing mosquito exposure and eliminating breeding sites. Mosquito activity is expected to persist throughout the summer and fall until a hard frost occurs.
Avoid Mosquito Bites
- Apply insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or IR3535 to exposed skin and clothing.
- Treat clothing with permethrin before going outdoors, but do not apply it directly to the skin.
- Reschedule outdoor activities that take place during evening or early morning hours when mosquitoes are most active.
- Wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks to keep mosquitoes away from your skin.
Mosquito-proof Your Home
- Remove stagnant water from around your property to prevent mosquito breeding. Examples include emptying standing water from tin cans, plastic containers, flower pots, discarded tires, roof gutters, and downspouts.
- Turn over items like wheelbarrows, kiddie pools, buckets, and small boats when not in use.
- Change water in bird baths and pet dishes at least every three days.
- Maintain clean and chlorinated swimming pools, and ensure outdoor saunas and hot tubs are properly drained.
- Ensure that window and door screens are intact and fit tightly to keep mosquitoes out.
- Trim or mow tall grass, weeds, and vines, as mosquitoes rest in these areas during the day.
For more information on West Nile virus prevention and symptoms, visit the DHS website. Additional ways to protect yourself can be found on the Fight The Bite page.
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