Rare Naegleria fowleri Infection Reported in North Carolina Teen

Rare Amoebic Infection Reported in North Carolina Teen

A North Carolina teenager is critically ill due to a rare infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, a microscopic amoeba found in warm freshwater environments. The North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services is handling the case, and details about the patient are being kept confidential to respect the family’s privacy.

“Our hearts go out to this teen’s family, friends and loved ones as they navigate this difficult time,” remarked State Epidemiologist Zack Moore, M.D. “While these infections are very rare, this is an important reminder that this amoeba is present in our state and across the U.S. There are steps people can take to reduce their risk of infection while swimming during the warmer months.”

The Naegleria fowleri amoeba thrives in warm freshwater such as ponds, lakes, and rivers. It is not found in saltwater or properly chlorinated swimming pools. The infection occurs when contaminated water enters the body through the nose and reaches the brain, often through activities like jumping into water, diving, or water-skiing.

Symptoms of the infection, known as primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), begin with severe headaches, fever, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms quickly progress to a stiff neck, seizures, and coma. The disease can lead to death within approximately five days after symptoms begin. In the United States, less than ten cases of PAM are reported annually.

Infections from Naegleria fowleri are more common during extended periods of heat, which cause higher water temperatures and lower water levels. The amoeba thrives in temperatures up to 115°F.

Although it is impossible to eradicate this amoeba from the natural environment, several precautions can be taken:

• Prevent water from entering your nose by using nose clips, holding your nose shut, or keeping your head above water when swimming in warm freshwater.
• Avoid submerging your head in hot springs and thermal waters.
• Avoid diving or jumping into warm freshwater during high-temperature periods and when water levels are low.
• Refrain from disturbing sediment in shallow warm freshwater areas during water activities.

For more information, visit the CDC’s Naegleria fowleri webpage.